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Piracetam (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine-acetamide) is a cyclic nootropic compound from the racetam family, characterized by its high solubility and bioavailability. It is structurally related to GABA but does not directly interact with GABAergic pathways. Instead, it modulates cholinergic and glutamatergic systems, influencing AMPA and NMDA receptor activity.
Piracetam undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism, with primary elimination through renal excretion.
Noopept (Omberacetam) is a synthetic dipeptide analog of the racetam family, known for its role in glutamatergic and cholinergic signaling pathways. It exhibits high affinity for AMPA and NMDA receptors, contributing to its involvement in synaptic transmission and neurochemical interactions.
This compound undergoes rapid hydrolysis into bioactive peptide fragments, facilitating its metabolic activity. Noopept is processed through hepatic oxidation and conjugation, with primary clearance occurring via renal excretion.
Noopept (Omberacetam) is a synthetic dipeptide compound derived from the racetam family, known for its interaction with glutamatergic and cholinergic pathways. It is structurally related to piracetam analogs and exhibits a high affinity for AMPA and NMDA receptors, which are involved in synaptic signaling and enzymatic regulation.
Coluracetam is a synthetic compound demonstrating unique molecular mechanisms in experimental models. Laboratory research indicates specific interactions with high-affinity choline uptake processes in controlled studies. The compound features a distinctive chemical structure incorporating a coumarin-like skeleton fused to a racetam moiety. Research shows selective binding properties in cellular models, making it valuable for investigating molecular transport systems.
Oxiracetam is a pyrrolidone-derived nootropic compound belonging to the racetam family. It is structurally related to piracetam, featuring an additional hydroxyl (-OH) group that enhances hydrophilicity and bioavailability in aqueous environments.
This compound interacts with cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways, influencing AMPA and NMDA receptor activity. It undergoes hepatic metabolism primarily through hydroxylation and conjugation, with excretion occurring predominantly via renal clearance.
Fasoracetam is a synthetic compound demonstrating unique molecular mechanisms in experimental models. Laboratory research indicates specific interactions with metabotropic glutamate receptors in controlled studies. The compound features a distinctive chemical structure that allows for selective binding properties in research settings.
Pramiracetam (N-[2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide) is a lipophilic racetam derivative known for its high bioavailability and affinity for choline transport modulation. It exhibits a higher potency compared to other racetams due to its hydrophobic structure, which facilitates efficient blood-brain barrier permeability in research models.
This compound interacts with cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways, influencing high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) and AMPA receptor activity. Pramiracetam undergoes hepatic metabolism through deamination and hydroxylation, with primary excretion via renal pathways.
Sunifiram (DM-235) is a piperazine-derived ampakine compound, structurally related to the racetam family. It exhibits high-affinity interactions with AMPA receptors, modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity.
This compound undergoes hepatic metabolism primarily through hydroxylation and conjugation, with clearance occurring via renal excretion. Sunifiram has a high bioavailability and rapid onset of action, attributed to its lipophilic properties and efficient receptor binding.
